Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. (2011). Open Innovation Diplomacy and a 21st Century Fractal Research, Education and Innovation (FREIE) Ecosystem
Title: Open Innovation Diplomacy and a 21st Century Fractal Research, Education and Innovation (FREIE) Ecosystem: Building on the Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Innovation Concepts and the “Mode 3” Knowledge Production System Author: Elias G. Carayannis and David F.J. Campbell Date: 2011
Summary: In this article, Carayannis and Campbell introduce the concept of Fractal Research, Education, and Innovation Ecosystem (FREIE) as a means to address the challenges of the 21st century. They build upon the Quadruple and Quintuple Helix innovation models and the "Mode 3" knowledge production system to propose a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to innovation.
The Quadruple Helix model refers to the collaboration of four main actors: government, industry, academia, and civil society. The Quintuple Helix model adds the natural environment as a fifth dimension. The authors argue that these models, combined with the "Mode 3" knowledge production system, which emphasizes the coexistence and mutual reinforcement of different knowledge and innovation modes, can help promote sustainable development and social and economic growth.
The proposed FREIE ecosystem is characterized by a fractal structure, which is self-similar and adaptable at different scales and levels. This structure allows for the integration of diverse actors, sectors, and knowledge types in a flexible and dynamic way, fostering creativity and innovation across multiple dimensions. The authors also discuss the role of open innovation diplomacy in facilitating international cooperation and knowledge exchange within the FREIE ecosystem.
In conclusion, Carayannis and Campbell argue that the FREIE ecosystem, built on the Quadruple and Quintuple Helix models and the "Mode 3" knowledge production system, can offer a more holistic and effective approach to addressing the complex challenges of the 21st century, such as climate change, social inequality, and economic development.