Grid-scale electricity storage that can last a full season

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Affordable batteries capable of storing enough energy for an entire city, known as grid-scale batteries, are being developed by talented engineers. These batteries can retain power long enough to manage seasonal intermittency, unlike smaller batteries used for electronics.

Some inventors are focusing on a liquid metal battery, which differs from traditional batteries that employ solid metals. Liquid metal can store and distribute a significantly larger amount of energy much faster, making it ideal for powering an entire city. The technology has been successfully tested in a lab, and now the team is trying to make it economical and field-proven.

Other engineers are exploring flow batteries that function by storing fluids in separate tanks and then producing electricity by pumping the fluids together. The larger the tanks, the more energy can be stored, and the more cost-effective and sizable the battery becomes.

Gates, Bill. How to Avoid a Climate Disaster (p. 91-92). Penguin Books Ltd. Kindle Edition.